Mited to alternans. Oscillations FGF-2, Mouse (154a.a) exhibited the reverse with the rate dependence
Mited to alternans. Oscillations exhibited the reverse from the price dependence observed in models making use of the original RyR formulation, with larger oscillations at longer CL. APD oscillations in these models had been diminished as in comparison to the original models (see Fig. 1), and both APD and CaT oscillations were attenuated in tissue. (TIF) S1 TextVoltage and Ca2 odd beat clamps for the single-cell cAFalt model. Traces of transmembrane potential (Vm, row 1), intracellular Ca2 ([Ca2]i, row 2), and SR Ca2 ([Ca2]SR, row 3) from two Beta-NGF Protein manufacturer consecutive beats are superimposed to show alternans amongst even (red) and odd (blue) beats. Column 1: the unclamped cAFalt cell paced to steady state at 400-ms CL displayed alternans in Vm and Ca2. The blue traces depicted in column 1 have been made use of to clamp Vm (column two), [Ca2]i (column three), or [Ca2]SR (column four). Alternans persisted when Vm or [Ca2]i was clamped, but clamping [Ca2]SR eliminated alternans. (TIF)S4 FigureSR Ca2 release parameter even beat clamps for the single-cell cAFalt model. Traces of transmembrane potential (Vm, row 1), intracellular Ca2 ([Ca2]i, row 2), and SR Ca2 ([Ca2]SR, row 3) from two consecutive beats are superimposed to show alternans between even (red) and odd (blue) beats. Traces in the even beat at 400-ms CL pacing have been applied to clamp the relevant variable and are shown in row 4. Clamping RyR inactivated probability (RyRi, column 1), RyR open probability (RyRo, column 2), junctional Ca2 ([Ca2]j, column 3), or SR Ca2 release flux (JSRCarel, column 4) eliminated alternans in Vm and Ca2. (TIF)S5 FigureSR Ca2 release parameter odd beat clamps for the single-cell cAFalt model. Traces of transmembrane potential (Vm, row 1), intracellular Ca2 ([Ca2]i, row 2), and SR Ca2 ([Ca2]SR, row 3) from two consecutive beats are superimposed to show alternans in between even (red) and odd (blue) beats. Traces in the odd beat at 400-ms CL pacing were applied to clamp the relevant variable and are shown in row four. Clamping RyR inactivated probability (RyRi, column 1), RyR open probability (RyRo, column 2), junctional Ca2 ([Ca2]j, column 3), or SR Ca2 release flux (JSRCarel, column four) eliminated alternans in Vm and Ca2. (TIF)S6 Figure S7 Figure Sub-sarcolemmal parameter clamps for the single-cell cAFalt model. Traces of transmembrane potential (Vm, row 1), intracellular Ca2 ([Ca2]i, row two), and SR Ca2 ([Ca2]SR, row 3) from two consecutive beats are superimposed to show alternans amongst even (red) and odd (blue) beats. Traces in the even or odd beat at 400-ms CL pacing had been made use of to clamp the relevant variable and are shown in row 4. Clamping sub-sarcolemmal Ca2 ([Ca2]sl) to the even beat (column 1) eliminated alternans in Vm and Ca2, but clamping [Ca2]sl towards the odd beat (column 2) made little alternans in Vm and [Ca2]i and huge alternans in [Ca2]SR. Clamping sub-sarcolemmal Na Ca2 exchanger present (INCXsl) towards the even beat (column three) eliminated alternans in APD but produced big alternans inSupplemental strategies. Supplemental equations.(PDF)S2 Text(PDF)Author ContributionsConceived and created the experiments: KCC JDB NAT. Performed the experiments: KCC. Analyzed the information: KCC. Contributed reagents materialsanalysis tools: KCC JDB. Wrote the paper: KCC NAT.PLOS Computational Biology | ploscompbiol.orgCalcium Release and Atrial Alternans Associated with Human AF
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