Ramachandran, A.; Knoernschild, K.L.; Campbell, S.D.; Sukotjo, C.; George
Ramachandran, A.; Knoernschild, K.L.; Campbell, S.D.; Sukotjo, C.; George, A. Dentin Matrix Protein 1 on Titanium Surface Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells. Molecules 2021, 26, 6756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules26226756 Academic Editors: Artak Heboyan, Dinesh Rokaya, Muhammad Sohail Zafar and Zohaib Khurshid Received: 14 October 2021 Accepted: 3 November 2021 Published: 9 NovemberPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Abstract: Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) contains a large number of acidic domains, a number of phosphorylation sites, a functional arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, and also a DNA binding domain, and has been shown to play necessary regulatory function in dentin and bone mineralization. DMP1 could also orchestrate bone matrix formation, but the ability of DMP1 on Ti to human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) conversion to osteoblasts has not been studied. There’s significance to test if the DMP1 coated Ti surface would promote cell migration and attachment towards the metal surface and promote the differentiation from the attached stem cells to an osteogenic lineage. This study aimed to study the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attachment and proliferation on DMP1 coated titanium (Ti) disks compared to non-coated disks, and to assess possible osteoblastic differentiation of attached hMSCs. Sixty-eight Ti disks had been divided into two groups. Group 1 disks have been coated with dentin matrix protein 1 and group two disks served as manage. Assessment with light microscopy was made use of to verify hMSC attachment and proliferation. Cell viability was confirmed by way of fluorescence microscopy and mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was completed to study the gene expression. The proliferation assay showed considerably greater cell proliferation with DMP1 coated disks compared to the manage group (p-value 0.001). Cell vitality analysis showed a higher density of reside cells on DMP1 coated disks when compared with the handle group. Alkaline phosphatase staining revealed larger enzyme activity on DMP1 coated disks and showed itself to be considerably greater than the handle group (p-value 0.001). von Kossa staining revealed larger constructive locations for mineralized deposits on DMP1 coated disks than the control group (p-value 0.05). Gene expression evaluation confirmed Propiconazole manufacturer upregulation of runt-related transcription issue two, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and alkaline phosphatase on DMP1 coated disks (p-value 0.001). The dentin matrix protein promoted the adhesion, proliferation, facilitation differentiation of hMSC, and mineralized matrix formation. Search phrases: dental implant; titanium; surface modification; DMP1; stem cellCopyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed below the terms and circumstances on the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/ four.0/).1. Introduction Novel modifications in dental implant surfaces could enhance much better osseointegration of dental implants [1]. Since the inception of existing implant designs, modifications to improve osseointegration have led to reportedly [4] favorable implant survival rates for partially edentulous and edentulous individuals. Dental implant osseointegration final results via the key stability as influenced by the bone quantity and top quality.