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Reddy et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012, 12:128 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/12/RESEARCH ARTICLEOpen AccessPhenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity of Leea indica leavesNidyaletchmy Subba Reddy1, Suerialoasan Navanesan1, Saravana Kumar Sinniah1, Norhanom Abdul Wahab2 and Kae Shin Sim1*AbstractBackground: The leaves of Leea indica (Vitaceae), commonly known as `Huo Tong Shu’ in Malaysia, have been traditionally used as natural remedy in folk medicine by the locals. The current study reports the outcome of antioxidant and cytotoxic investigation of L. indica leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. indica leaf crude ethanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) for evaluation of total phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cell lines. Methods: In the present study, L. indica leaf crude ethanol and its fractionated extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate and water) were firstly prepared prior to phenolic content, antioxidant effect and cytotoxic activity assessment. Folin-Ciocalteau’s method was used for the measurement of total phenolic content of the extracts. The antioxidant activity was measured by employing three different established testing systems, such as scavenging activity on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals, reducing power assay and SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity assay. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts were evaluated against three colon cancer cell lines with varying molecular characteristics (HT-29, HCT-15 and HCT-116) by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Results: The total phenolic content and antioxidant capabilities differed significantly among the L. indica leaf extracts. A strong correlation betwee.