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waterArticleLaboratory-Scale Investigation on the Pressurization of T-Junctions in Hydraulic SystemsLeandro C. Pinto 1 , Rutineia Tassi 1 , Jose G. Vasconcelos 2, , Daniel G. Allasia 1 , Jo P. P. Bocchi 1 , Bruna Minetto 1 and Robson L. PachalyDepartment of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; [email protected] (L.C.P.); [email protected] (R.T.); [email protected] (D.G.A.); [email protected] (J.P.P.B.); [email protected] (B.M.); [email protected] (R.L.P.) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5337, USA; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: 1-334-844-Citation: Pinto, L.C.; Tassi, R.; Vasconcelos, J.G.; Allasia, D.G.; Bocchi, J.P.P.; Minetto, B.; Pachaly, R.L. Laboratory-Scale Investigation in the Pressurization of T-Junctions in Hydraulic Systems. Water 2021, 13, 2970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ w13212970 Academic Editor: Mauro De Marchis Received: 12 September 2021 Accepted: 18 October 2021 Published: 21 OctoberAbstract: The escalating frequency of intense rain events will worsen the operational situations of stormwater systems, like the frequency in which these systems knowledge pressurization. Unfortunately, there has been limited study around the situation, specifically the pressurization of junctions in stormwater systems that are topic to speedy filling. Previous investigation supplied precious insights on flows in junctions operating either on pressurized or open-channel flow conditions, but did not concentrate on the transition in between these two flow regimes. This operate summarizes the results of an experimental investigation that focused on describing the pressurization processes within a junction undergoing rapid filling. The experimental plan considered a total of 67 exclusive combinations, with variables like unique slopes of the upstream and lateral pipes, too as different inflow prices in each one of these conduits. Fast blockage from the flow led towards the pressurization course of action, that was characterized through video-recording and pressure monitoring at selected points along inside the apparatus. This revolutionary research identified for the first time 5 one of a kind pressurization modes according to the video recordings on the pressurization. The pressurization modes were dependent around the experimental setup, like lateral and key branch flows at the same time as their slopes. An independent clustering-based evaluation on the experimental information was made use of and confirmed this classification. These results will be the 1st ones of its kind and clearly indicates prospective limitations of numerical models in representing flows inside the junctions when air pocket entrapment happens because of speedy filling conditions.