Tical for trait inferences (Harris et al 2005; Mitchell et al 2005, 2006a
Tical for trait inferences (Harris et al 2005; Mitchell et al 2005, 2006a; Todorov et al 2007; Ma et al 20; Moran et al 20). Furthermore, other research showed a supporting role for the TPJ in identifying and understanding other’s behaviors that imply numerous traits (Ma et al 20, 202a, 202b). Current neuroscientific investigation on traits is focused mainly around the brain regions involved in the course of action of trait inference (see Van Overwalle, 2009). So far, research neglected the neural basis of traits, that may be, which neurons or neuronal ensembles represent a trait code. These codes or representations can be defined as distributed memories in neural networks that encode data and, when activated, enable access to this stored info (Wood and Grafman, 2003). The aim of this paper is to uncover the location of this trait codeReceived 2 February 203; Revised two June 203; Accepted 3 June 203 Advance Access publication eight June 203 This investigation was supported by an OZR Grant (OZR864BOF) with the Vrije Universiteit Brussel to F.V.O. This research was conducted at GIfMI (Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging). Correspondence needs to be addressed to Frank Van Overwalle, Division of Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan two, B 050 Brussel, Belgium. E mail: [email protected](Northoff and Bermpohl, 2004). We hypothesize that a neural code of higher level traits is located in the mPFC, and that this location is receptive only to traits and remains fairly unresponsive to lowerlevel action capabilities such as distinctive behaviors, occasion scripts and agents that exemplify and possess the trait (Wood and Grafman, 2003; Wood et al 2005; PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26537230 Krueger et al 2009). Our hypothesis is in line using the structured occasion complicated framework by Krueger et al. (2009) who argued that the mPFC represents abstract dynamic summary representations that give rise to social event information. To date, no single fMRI study explored whether or not a trait code is located in the mPFC, more than and above its role in the method of forming a trait inference. To localize the representation of a trait code independent from representations associated to action elements from which a trait is abstracted, we applied an fMRI adaptation paradigm. The fMRI adaptation (or repetition suppression) refers towards the observation that repeated presentations of a sensory stimulus or notion consistently reduce the fMRI responses relative to presentations of a novel stimulus (GrillSpector et al 2006). fMRI adaptation can potentially arise from neural fatigue, improved selectiveness in responding or decreased prediction error towards the identical stimulus (GrillSpector et al 2006). Irrespective of those explanations, adaptation has typically been taken as evidence for any neural representation that may be invariant to the variations in between those stimuli, whereas recovery from adaptation implies selectivity on the neural population to a specific stimulus or conceptual attribute. The adaptation CFI-400945 (free base) web effect has been demonstrated in a lot of perceptual domains, including the perception of colors, shapes, and objects, and happens in both reduce and larger level visual locations and conceptual domains (GrillSpector et al 999; ThompsonSchill et al 999; Kourtzi and Kanwisher, 2000; Engel and Furmanski, 200; GrillSpector and Malach, 200; Krekelberg et al 2006; Bedny et al 2008; Devauchelle et al 2009; Roggeman et al 20; Diana et al 202; Josse et al 202). Lately, fMRI adaptation has also been discovered for the duration of action observation (.