. tropicalisParental food concentration mg/mlFigure 1. Intergenerational adaptations to several stresses are evolutionarily conserved in various species of Caenorhabditis. (A) Phylogenetic tree of the Elegans group of Caenorhabditis species adapted from Stevens et al., 2020. Scale represents substitutions per website. (B) % of wild-type C. elegans (N2), C. kamaaina (QG122), C. briggsae (AF16), and C. tropicalis (JU1373) animals surviving following 24 hr on plates seeded with P. vranovensis BIGb0446. Information presented as mean values s.d. n = three D5 Receptor site experiments of one hundred animals. (C) % of C. kamaaina wild-type (QG122) animals surviving Figure 1 continued on subsequent pageBurton et al. eLife 2021;10:e73425. DOI: doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25 12 .five six. 3 three. 1 1. 6 2 12 5 .5 six. three 3. 1 2 12 5 .five 6. three 3. 1 1. six 25 12 .five 6.four ofResearch post Figure 1 continuedEvolutionary Biology | Genetics and Genomicsafter 24 hr of exposure to P. vranovensis. Information presented as imply values s.d. n = three experiments of one hundred animals. (D) % of wild-type animals mobile and building at 500 mM NaCl right after 24 hr. Information presented as mean values s.d. n = three experiments of 100 animals. (E) % of wild-type and Cbr-gpdh-2(syb2973) mutant C. briggsae (AF16) mobile and establishing just after 24 hr at 500 mM NaCl. Information presented as mean values s.d. n = three experiments of 100 animals. (F) Percent of animals exhibiting detectable infection by N. parisii as determined by DY96 staining just after 72 hr for C. elegans and C. briggsae, or 96 hr for C. kamaaina and C. tropicalis. Information presented as mean values s.e.m. n = three experiments of 8302 animals. (G) Boxplots for length of L1 MAO-B Compound progeny from P0 parents that have been subject to the HB101 dose series. Larvae have been measured applying Wormsizer. Boxplots show median length with 4 quartiles. n = 3 experiments of 5000 animals. p 0.01, p 0.0001, p 0.0001. The on line version of this article contains the following figure supplement(s) for figure 1: Supply information 1. Statistics supply information for Figure 1. Figure supplement 1. Intergenerational responses to environmental pressure are conserved in wild isolates of Caenorhabditis species.Parental exposure to environmental stresses leads to popular and stress-specific gene expression alterations in offspring across speciesOf the 4 intergenerational models investigated here, parental exposure of C. elegans to osmotic stress and P. vranovensis infection had been previously reported to bring about substantial modifications in offspring gene expression, such as the elevated expression of genes which might be essential for the observed intergenerational adaptations (Burton et al., 2020; Burton et al., 2017). These effects of parental strain exposure on offspring gene expression resemble a subset in the transcriptional anxiety response observed in parental animals and could potentially prime offspring to respond towards the very same pressure (Burton et al., 2020). Here, we exposed C. elegans, C. briggsae, C. kamaaina, and C. tropicalis to either osmotic anxiety or P. vranovensis infection and subsequently performed RNA-seq on offspring to test: (1) in the event the particular heritable adjustments in gene expression in response to each and every of these stresses are conserved across species and (two) if any changes in gene expression correlate with the phenotypic differences in intergenerational responses to tension we observed inside the unique species. This evaluation permitted us to examine the effects of parental pressure on offspring gene expression of 7587 single-copy orthologs that are conse