Nditions on Extraction Yield and Composition of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil–Modelling, Optimization and Extraction Kinetics concerning Fatty Acid and Thymoquinone Content. Molecules 2021, 26, 6419. https://doi.org/ ten.3390/molecules26216419 Academic Editor: Stefano Cardea Received: 7 October 2021 Accepted: 22 October 2021 Published: 24 OctoberAbstract: Nigella sativa L. is cultivated in quite a few regions and its seeds have identified use in variety of foods, but additionally in regular medicine because of higher content of biologically active important oils. Within this work optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from N. sativa seeds was performed using response surface methodology to describe the influence of extraction conditions on oil yield. Kinetics of oil and thymoquinone extraction were analyzed at the same time. It was demonstrated that so as to gather thymoquinone-rich N. sativa oil fraction, suitable for health-related applications, the extraction really should be carried out at 40 C and 105 MPa. Following application of greater stress of 35 MPa enables effective extraction of remaining oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids appropriate for use in food market. Thymoquinone-dependent antibacterial activity on the N. sativa seed oil was observed against bacterial pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Key phrases: Nigella sativa; thymoquinone; supercritical fluid extraction; response surface methodology; antibacterial activity1. Introduction Nigella sativa L. (NS), generally known as black cumin or black seed, belongs to Ranunculaceae household and is an annual herbaceous plant cultivated mostly in North-East Africa, Middle East, South-East Asia as well as in some European countries. The nutritional value and characteristic taste of your NS seeds and seed oil make for their use as food components in a variety of cuisines as they constitute an abundant source of unsaturated fatty acids, vital oils, saponins, alkaloids, glycolipids, and fat-soluble vitamins [1]. In addition, the NS seeds are a rich supply of biologically active compounds [4] and, in different types, have already been applied in conventional medicines of Middle and Far East to treat a vast wide variety of conditions, which include: hypertension, asthma, diabetes, inflammation, fever, kidney or liver disfunctions, cough, eczema or influenza [5]. The dominant contribution to the biological activity of NS seeds is attributed to thymoquinone (TQ) [4,5,eight,9]. Some of its properties reported in current JPH203 Protocol studies are antioxidant [10,11], anti-inflammatory [7], anti-cancer [12,13], smooth muscle relaxant [14], antifungal [15] and antibacterial activity [169]. The chemical structure of thymoquinone is shown on Figure 1. Different tactics have already been implemented to extract biologically active compounds from plant material. Traditional approaches contain solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction or steam distillation, even though supercritical fluid extraction has been developed and applied in investigation also as for industrial purposes far more recently [20,21]. Supercritical fluids have density and solubility characteristic to get a liquid, even though the price of diffusion, compressibility,Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with MNITMT Protocol regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This short article is an open access post distributed below the terms and circumstances of.