Lation strength was normalized towards the maximum modulation strength for each and every
Lation strength was normalized for the maximum modulation strength for each and every cell, to permit the tuning of distinctive cells to become compared additional effortlessly. The “burst index” (Figs. four, eight) was computed because the ratio of the mean interspike interval towards the median. Total charge transfer (see Fig. 5D) was computed more than the whole 0 s duration of 3 stimuli (20 ms pulses with 80 ms intervals, 200 ms PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11836068 pulses with 380 ms intervals, and 2 s pulses with 580 ms intervals). In Figure 6B, typical normalized EPSC amplitudes have been fit to a straightforward depression model (Abbott et al 997; Tsodyks and Markram, 997; Dayan and Abbott, 200) where amplitude decreases by a element f just after each and every spike then recovers with time constant :otherwise. Rebound magnitude (see Fig. 7B) was computed by comparing the imply membrane prospective or mean spike price for the duration of the 2 s following stimulus offset to the membrane potential or spike rate during the 2 s ahead of stimulus onset. The duration 
of your membrane prospective response to a depolarizing present pulse (see Fig. eight) was computed by initially filtering the membrane potential at 0 Hz to remove spikes, then computing the duration at halfmaximum from the response following the current stimulus onset. Resting membrane possible (Fig. eight) was computed because the median membrane possible during epochs without a stimulus.ResultsDiverse response timing and selectivity for stimulation timescales in LNs In nature, odors are typically encountered in the form of turbulent plumes, where filaments of odor are interspersed with pockets of clean air (Murlis et al 992; Shraiman and Siggia, 2000; Celani et al 204). Turbulent plumes can include odor concentration fluctuations on a wide range of timescales. The temporal scale of odor fluctuations depends upon airspeed: high airspeeds make brief, closely spaced odor encounters, whereas low airspeeds generate longer, additional widely spaced odor encounters (Fig. A). To ask how antennal lobe LNs respond to such stimuli, we measured the spiking responses of LNs applying in vivo loosepatch recordings. Odors were presented for the fly using a quickly switching valve that permitted fine temporal control of odor timing (Fig. B). We varied both the pulse duration and the interpulse interval to create a panel of 8 stimuli obtaining a wide range of timescales (see Components and Approaches). We recorded from a total of 45 LNs in 38 flies employing precisely the same stimulus panel. In all these experiments, we used 2heptanone as an odor stimulus, because it activates various varieties of olfactory receptor neurons and impacts spiking in almost all antennal lobe LNs (de Bruyne et al 200; Chou et al 200). We made recordings from 3 unique genotypes (see Materials and Procedures) but observed no BMS-986020 site statistically important distinction in response properties amongst genoif s t if s t, A t tt Atf stAt At t .0, A twhere s(t) is actually a binary vector, sampled having a time step ( t) of ms that requires a value of if a spike occurred within the presynaptic ORN and4330 J. Neurosci April 3, 206 36(5):4325Nagel and Wilson Inhibitory Interneuron Population DynamicsAregular spontaneous firing spontaneous rate five. spikessec burst index .bursty spontaneous firing spontaneous rate 6.2 spikessec burst index three. sec secBprobability0.Cpreferred interpulse interval (msec)0.02 burst index imply median 0.20 msec pulses 200 msec pulses 02 0 0.5 .five log (burst index)00 200 300 400 500 interspike interval (msec)Figure 4. Spontaneous activity correlates with preferred odor pulse repetition rate. A,.